Loom motions

 Loom motions 

Loom is a very important machine for humans. The machine daily produce thousands and millions of fabric for human being. Every machine has motions. A loom machine is a different machine than any other textile or machine. Due to some specific motion of the loom is differentiated from any other machines. Weaving machine or loom motions are divided into three kinds. 

1. Primary motions 

2. Secondary motions 

3. Tertiary motions 

Here I am going to give an elaborate discussion on loom motions 

1. Primary motions: These are the first motions of the loom. This is one of the motion without which it is quite impossible to make fabric. Primary motions are of three kinds. 

a) Shedding 

b) Picking 

c) Beating 

a) Shedding: By these motions, we divide warp yarn in an up and down arrangement of yarn sets, and weft yarn is passed through the shedding. The gap of the warp yarn between the up and down arrangements is called shedding. Shedding motion we can see only in tappet, dobby, and jacquard machine. Shedding is also divided into two classes. 

1. Positive shedding and 

2. Negative shedding 

1. Positive shedding: The shedding mechanism in which the healed shafts are moved up and down without any kinds of excess mechanism is known as positive shedding. In this shedding warp, yarn sets are divided into two sets one set is up and the other set is down.

2. Negative shedding: The shedding process in which the heald shafts are done up by mechanical ways and made down by the use of spring or weight as extra equipment, is called negative shedding. In this shedding system warp, yarn sets are divided into two sets one set move down to up and another be down from up. 

b) Picking motions: As per design and by warp yarn shedding and then the weft yarn go and come through the shedding, this process is called picking. Picking is divided into two kinds. 

1. Positive picking: During the picking mechanism arm or picker moves to shedding by a mechanism and if it is being back by the same as the mechanism is called positive picking. 

2. Negative picking: Picking arm or picker move to shedding by a mechanism, and be back by another mechanism like spring is called negative picking motion. 

C) Beating: After making shade weft yarn is passed through the shade then the reed gives a knock on the warp and weft interlacement area to press to the fell of the cloth. This motion is called Beating.  Beating motions are divided into two kinds. 

1. Single beat up: If the reed beat a single time when the shuttle goes from one box to another box then we call this a single beat up.  

2. Double beat up: If the reed beat two times when the shuttle goes from one box to another box is called as double beat up.  

2. Secondary motion:  

After the primary motions of the loom is an important motion is secondary motions. To make woven fabric this motion is very necessary. Secondary motions are divided into two types. 

a) Take up motion: After making clothing by which motion we warp fabric on a beam is called take-up motion. Take-up motion are divided into two types. 

1. Positive take-up motion: By which take-up motion there is a certain distance between to weft yarn and weft yarn per inch is the same everywhere is called positive take-up motion. positive take-up motion has a combination of some wheels and pinion. 

Positive take-up motions are of two kinds. 

a)Intermittent take up motions 

b) Continuous take-up motion 

For the thick fabric, we use 5 wheels and for finer count need 7 wheel motion. 

2. Negative take-up motion: Due to this motion reed makes the fabric lose from its previous steps. When beat up completed then reed give knock and fabric be loose. In which take up motion have no need change wheel called negative take up motion. In negative take-up motion, there is no equal distance between two weft yarn.    

b) Let off motion: The motion which helps to leave the warp yarn from a beam is called as Let off motion. This motion left a certain number of yarn for a certain area.

Let off motions are as below : 

1. Positive let of motion 

2. Semi positive let-off motion

3. Negative let off motion 

c)Tertiary motion: 

In weaving, there is a motion without primary and secondary motion, which is named tertiary motion. Actually, the tertiary motion is the combined motion of primary and secondary motions. Tertiary motions are as below: 

1. Warp stop motion

2. Weft stop motion

3. Brake motion

4. Warp protector motion 

5. Temple motion and 

6. Weft  mixing motion