Cotton yarn spinning

  Cotton yarn spinning

Cotton yarn spinning is the process of converting raw cotton fibers into yarn or thread. The process involves several stages, including carding, drawing, roving, and spinning.

Carding: The first stage in cotton yarn spinning is carding, which involves separating and aligning the cotton fibers. This is typically done by passing the fibers through a series of rollers with wire teeth that comb and straighten the fibers.

Drawing: After carding, the cotton fibers are drawn or stretched to create a more uniform blend of fibers. This is done by passing the fibers through a series of rollers that gradually increase in speed and pull the fibers into a thin, even strand.

Roving: The drawn fibers are then twisted into a rope-like form called roving. Roving is created by feeding the fibers through a set of rollers that twist them together and pull them into a thicker strand.

Spinning: Finally, the roving is spun into yarn or thread. This is done by feeding the roving through a spinning frame, which twists and winds the fibers together to create a continuous strand of yarn.

After spinning, the yarn may be finished with additional treatments such as dyeing, bleaching, or mercerizing to improve its strength, appearance, or texture. The finished yarn can then be used in a variety of textile applications, including knitting, weaving, or sewing.

There are two types of cotton yarn combed and carded yarn. 

Carded yarn manufacturing flow chart:

The sequence of machine ...............................Product Name 

Blow room ....................................................Lap 

carding machine ......................................... Carded sliver 

1st drawing machine....................................Drawing sliver

2nd drawing machine ..................................Drawing sliver

Speed frame/ Simplex machine....................Roving 

Ring frame ...................................................Yarn

Winding machine..........................................Cone 

Reeling .........................................................Hank

Bundling.......................................................Bundle(10 pound)

Bailing ..........................................................Bale (400 pounds)

Now I am going to discuss below combed yarn flow chart : 

Combed yarn manufacturing process flow chart :

The sequence of machine ..................................................Product Name 

Blow room ..................................................................Lap 

Carding machine .........................................................Carded sliver 

Draw frame ................................................................ Drawing sliver

Super lap former  ........................................................ Mini lap

Post drawing ...............................................................Drawing sliver 

Speed frame/ Simplex machine....................................Roving 

Ring frame ...................................................................Yarn

Winding machine..........................................................Cone 

Reeling .........................................................................Hank

Bundling.......................................................................Bundle(10 pound)

Bailing .........................................................................Bale (400 pounds)

Cotton: Cotton is a natural cellulosic fiber. This fiber is also known as bust fiber because its fiber is adjacent to the seeds. As per plant nomenclature this is of Gossypium class. There are some species mostly under production in some countries of the world, which are given below.

1. Gossypium Herbaceum

2.  Gossypium Arboreum

3.  Gossypium Hirsutum

4.  Gossypium Barbedens

Another classification: 

1. Sea Island cotton 

2. Egyptian cotton

3. South American cotton

4. American Cotton

5. Pakistani cotton

6. Indian cotton

7. China cotton

The fibers that are capable of spinning: 

The quality of fiber depends on below terms: 

1.  It is generally expressed by microgram/inch. In cotton fiber, this value is 2.5-4.5. 

2. Uniformity: Generally, long fiber uniformity is more than small fiber. If the fiber is more uniform that will produce good quality yarn. 

3.  If the cell wall thickness is 1/5 of the whole fiber then we can call it dead fiber.  The twist the better quality of the fiber. If the fiber twist is below 150 then we can call it immature fiber. 

4. Trash content: Cotton fiber quality also depends on trash content. The trash content in cotton fiber is 1-10. 

7. Porosity: By test, we can see 20-40% poros in cotton fiber. 

Grade Name ..................................Trash content

Middling fair.................................1%

Strict good middling.....................1.3%

Good middling...............................1.8%

Strict middling..............................  2.4%

Middling.......................................3.1%

Strict low middling.........................4.2%

Low middling................................5.5%

Strict good ordinary.....................7.4%

Good ordinary .............................9.8%